9/24 week2

pre-: in advance

predict(v.) \pri-ˈdikt\

 to say that (something) will or might happen in the future

She claims that she can predict future events.

preview(v.) \ˈprē-ˌvyü\

 to see, hear, or show something (such as a movie) before it is available to the public

The designers will preview their new lines at the fashion show.

con-: with, together

context(n.) \ˈkän-ˌtekst\

 the words that are used with a certain word or phrase and that help to explain its meaning

conclude(v.) \kən-ˈklüd\

 to stop or finish : to come to an end : to end in a particular way or with a particular action

The chairman concluded by wishing us all a happy holiday.

hoist(n.)

 a machine used for lifting heavy loads

crane(n.)

 a big machine with a long arm that is used by builders for lifting and moving heavy things

fin-: end

finish(v.) \ˈfi-nish\

 to reach the end of (something)

He started his homework two hours ago and he still hasn't finished.

final(adj.) \ˈfī-n^əl\

happening or coming at the end; being the last in a series, process, or progress

They won their final four games.

ann-: year

anniversary(n.) \ˌa-nə-ˈvərs-rē, -ˈvər-sə-\

 a date that is remembered or celebrated because a special or notable event occurred on that date in a previous year

The exhibit will close on the 100th anniversary of the artist's death.

annual (adj.) \ˈan-yə(-wə)l, -yü-əl\

happening once a year

The company charges an annual fee of $45.

Jesus knocking the door

三個對文字重要貢獻的人

1.   William Caxton出版社老闆

2.   James I

3.   Sammel Johnson

英美差異

英	美
catalogue	catalog
programme	program
litre	liter

ambi-: both

ambiguous(adj.) \am-ˈbi-gyə-wəs\

able to be understood in more than one way : having more than one possible meaning

Due to the ambiguous nature of the question, it was difficult to choose the right answer.

mor-: death

morgue(n.) \ˈmȯrg\

a place where the bodies of dead people are kept until they are buried or cremated

mortician(n.)\mȯr-ˈti-shən\

 a person whose job is to prepare dead people to be buried and to arrange and manage funerals

The History of English in Ten Minutes 

讀英文系?

誰說讀文學沒用處

9/17 week1

origin(n.) \ˈȯr-ə-jən, ˈär-\

the point at which something begins or rises or from which it derives

orientation(n.) \ˌȯr-ē-ən-ˈtā-shən, -ˌen-\

the act or process of orienting or of being oriented

Student orientation or new student orientation (often encapsulated into an Orientation week, Frosh Week, Welcome Week or Freshers' Week)is a period of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university or other tertiary institution during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The name of the period varies by country.

十分鐘讀懂英文史

The Adventure of English is a British television series (ITV) on the history of the English language presented by Melvyn Bragg as well as a companion book, also written by Bragg. The series ran in 2003.

The series and the book are cast as an adventure story, or the biography of English as if it were a living being, covering the history of the language from its modest beginnings around 500 AD as a minor Germanic dialect to its rise as a truly established global language.

The Adventure of English

莎莎推薦好書 Building Vocabulary for college

prefix 

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy.

Prefix	Meaning	Example	Comments
a-	"not"	asymmetric, "not symmetric"	a- before consonants, an- before vowels
acro-	"high"	acrophobia, "fear of heights" (more)
allo-	"other"	allotransplantation, "transplant of tissue from another person" (more)
an-	"not/without"	anaerobic, "not requiring air to live"	a- before consonants, an- before vowels
ante-	"before"	antebellum, "before a war"
anti-	"against"	anti-inflammatory, "against inflammation" (more)
auto-	"self"	automobile, "moves itself" (more)
bi-	"two"	bicentennial, "consisting of or occurring every two centuries"	See number prefixes in English
co-	"together"	cooperation, "working together"
contra-	"against"	contraindication, "against indication" (more)
counter-	"against"	countermeasure, "action against" (more)
de-	"negative, remove"	deactivate, "stop from working"
di-	"two"	diatomic, "two atoms"	See number prefixes in English
dis-	"negative, remove"	disappear, "vanish" (more)
down-	"down"; "reduce"	downshift, "shift to a lower gear" downregulation, "regulation toward lessened expression" (more)
dys-	"negative, badly, wrongly"	dysfunction, "bad function" (more)
epi-	"on, above"	epidural, "outside the dura mater" (more)
extra-	"outside"	extracellular, "outside a cell" (more)
hemi-	"half"	hemisphere, "half of a sphere" (more)	See number prefixes in English
hexa-	"six"	hexagon, "six-sided polygon" (more)	See number prefixes in English
hyper-	"a lot"; "too much"	hypercalcemia, "too much calcium in the blood" (more)	See hyper
hypo-	"a little"; "not enough"	hypokalemia, "not enough potassium in the blood" (more)
ig-	"not"	ignoble, "not noble" ignorant, (from roots meaning) "not knowing" (more)	ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before r-)
il-	"not"	illegal, "not legal" (more)	ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before r-)
im-	"not"	imbalance, "lack of balance" (more)	ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before r-)
in-	"not"	inactive, "not active"	ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before r-)
infra-	"below"	infrared, "below red on the spectrum" (more)
inter-	"between"	interobserver, "between observers" (more)
intra-	"within"	intracellular, "inside a cell" (more)
ir-	"not"	irregular, "not regular" (more)	ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before r-)
macro-	"large-scale"	macroeconomics, "workings of entire economies" (more)
mal-	"bad", "wrong"	malocclusion, "bad occlusion" (more)
maxi-	"big", "as big as possible"	maxi-single, "single with extras" (more)
meso-	"middle"	mesoamerican, "middle of the Americas" (more)
micro-	"small-scale"	micrometer, "small-measurement instrument" (more)
mid-	"middle"	midportion, "middle part" (more)
mini-	"small"	miniature, "small"; "smaller version" (more)
mis-	"bad", "wrong"	misspelling, "incorrect spelling" (more)
mono-	"one"	monotheism, "belief in one god" (more)	See number prefixes in English
multi-	"many", "more than one"	multiplex, "many signals in one circuit" (more)
non-	"no", "not"	nonstop, "without stopping" (more)
octo-	"eight"	octopus, "eight-footed" (more)	See number prefixes in English
over-	"excess", "too much"; "on top"	overexpression, "too much expression" overcoat, "outer coat" (more)
pan-	"all"	pancytopenia, "low counts across all cell types" pan-American, "involving all of the Americas" (more)	Sometimes "all-" is used, especially in Asian English, where All-Union was a standard translation of the Russian word meaning "pan-USSR" or "USSR-wide", and "All-India" is a similar standard term in India, comparable to words such asnational, nationwide, or federal (in the case of federations).
para-	"beside"; "beyond"; "related to"; "altered"	paranormal, "beyond the normal" paresthesia, "altered sensation" paramilitary, "military-like" (more)
penta-	"five"	pentateuch, "the five books of Moses" (more)	See number prefixes in English
per-	"through"; "throughout"	percutaneous, "through the skin" (more)
peri-	"around"	pericardial, "around the heart" (more)
poly-	"many"	polyglot, "many languages" (more)
post-	"after"	postoperative, "after surgery" (more)
pre-	"before"; "already"	preassembled, "already built" (more)
pro-	"in favor of"	pro-science, "in favor of science" (more)
proto-	"first"; "primitive"; "precursor"	Proto-Indo-European, "precursor of Indo-European" (more)
pseudo-	"false", "specious"	pseudonym, "fake name" (more)
quadri-	"four"	quadrilateral, "four-sided" (more)	See number prefixes in English
quasi-	"somewhat", "resembling"	quasiparticulate, "resembling particles" (more)
re-	"again"	reestablish, "establish again" (more)
self-	"[acting on or by] oneself"	self-cleaning, "cleans itself" (more)	By normative convention, always hyphenated (except for a few multiprefix compounds such as unselfconscious)
semi-	"partial"; "somewhat"; "half"	semiarid, "somewhat arid" (more)	See number prefixes in English
sub-	"below"	subzero, "below zero" (more)
super-	"above"; "more than"; "great"	supermarket, "big market" (more)
supra-	"above"	supraorbital, "above the eye sockets" (more)
tetra-	"four"	tetravalent, "four valence electrons" (more)	See number prefixes in English
trans-	"across"; "connecting"	transatlantic, "across the Atlantic Ocean" (more)
tri-	"three"	tripartite, "three parts" (more)
ultra-	"beyond"; "extremely"	ultraviolet, "beyond violet on the spectrum" (more)
un-	"not"; "remove"; "opposite"	unopened, "not opened" (more)
under-	"beneath"; "not enough"	underexposure, "not enough exposure" (more)
up-	"up"; "increase"	upshift, "shift to a higher gear" upregulation, "regulation toward increased expression" (more)
xeno-	"foreign"	xenophobia, "fear of strangers or foreigners" xenotransplantation, "transplant from another species" (more)

Root

A root, or a root word, is a word that does not have a prefix (in front of the word) or a suffix (at the end of a word). The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of aword family (root is then called base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.

 For example, chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter, but the lexical root chat. Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem.

Suffix

A suffix (also sometimes termed postfix or ending or, in older literature, affix) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs.

Inflectional suffixes do not change the word class of the word after inflection. Inflectional suffixes in modern English include:

·         -s third person singular present

·         -ed past tense

·         -t past tense

·         -ing progressive/continuous

·         -en past participle

·         -s plural

·         -en plural (irregular)

·         -er comparative

·         -est superlative

·         -n't negative

disease(n.)  \di-ˈzēz\

an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant : a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally

He suffers from a rare genetic disease.

I got up  very early this morning.

       adv. adj.

lovely, friendly, elderly, deadly à adjective

aptitude(n.) \ˈap-tə-ˌtüd, -ˌtyüd\

a natural ability to do something or to learn something

The new test is supposed to measure the aptitudes of the students.

Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion) is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy.

To eat humble pie, in common usage, is to apologize and face humiliation for a serious error. Humble pie, or umble pie, is also a term for a variety of pastries based on medieval meat pies.

de-: down, away from

depreciate(v.) \di-ˈprē-shē-ˌāt\

to describe (something) as having little value

These changes have greatly depreciated the value of the house.

appreciate(v.) \ə-ˈprē-shē-ˌāt, -ˈpri- also -ˈprē-sē-\

to understand the worth or importance of (something or someone) : to admire and value (something or someone)

The company strives to make its employees feel appreciated.

di-: twice :  twofold :  double 

diversity(n.) \də-ˈvər-sə-tē, dī-\

the quality or state of having many different forms, types, ideas, etc.

The school aims for diversity in its student population.

divorce(n.) \də-ˈvȯrs also dī-\

the ending of a marriage by a legal process

Their marriage ended in divorce.

divide(v.) \də-ˈvīd\

to separate (something) into two or more parts or pieces

The equator divides the Earth into two hemispheres.

different(adj.) \ˈdi-fərnt, ˈdi-f(ə-)rənt\

 not of the same kind : partly or totally unlike

We need to try an entirely different approach.

uni-: one : single

unicorn(n.) \ˈyü-nə-ˌkȯrn\

an imaginary animal that looks like a horse and has a straight horn growing from the middle of its forehead

university (n.) \ˌyü-nə-ˈvər-sə-tē, -ˈvər-stē\

a school that offers courses leading to a degree (such as a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree) and where research is done

detriment(n.) \ˈde-trə-mənt\

the act of causing damage or injury to something or someone

Smoking is a detriment to your health.

dexterous(adj.) \ˈdek-st(ə-)rəs\

having or showing great skill or cleverness : showing dexterity

They praised her dexterous handling of the crisis.

inflammation(n.)\ˌin-flə-ˈmā-shən\

 a condition in which a part of your body becomes red, swollen, and painful

The drug is used to reduce inflammation.

arthritis(n.) \är-ˈthrī-təs\

 a disease that causes the joints of the body to become swollen and painful

-meter: instrument for measuring

kilometer(n.) \kə-ˈlä-mə-tər, ki-; ˈki-lə-ˌmē-tər\

 a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters

thermometer(n.) \thə(r)-ˈmä-mə-tər\

an instrument used for measuring temperature

hydrometer(n.) \hī-ˈdrä-mə-tər\

an instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid (as battery acid or an alcohol solution) and hence its strength

Cupid and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses (also called The Golden Ass), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (or Platonicus). It concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the love between Psyche (/ˈsaɪkiː/, Greek: Ψυχή, "Soul" or "Breath of Life") and Cupid (Latin Cupido, "Desire") or Amor ("Love", Greek Eros ’′Ερως), and their ultimate union in a sacred marriage.

Psyche and Amor, also known as Psyche Receiving Cupid's First Kiss (1798), by François Gérard: a symbolic butterfly hovers over Psyche in a moment of innocence poised before sexual awakening.

ex-: out

exit (n.)\ˈeg-zət, ˈek-sət\

 something (such as a door) that is used as a way to go out of a place