origin(n.) \ˈȯr-ə-jən, ˈär-\
the
point at which something begins or rises or from which it derives
orientation(n.) \ˌȯr-ē-ən-ˈtā-shən, -ˌen-\
the
act or process of orienting or of being oriented
Student
orientation or new student orientation (often encapsulated into
an Orientation week, Frosh Week, Welcome Week or Freshers' Week)is a period of
time at the beginning of the academic year at a university or other tertiary
institution during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new
students. The name of the period varies by country.
十分鐘讀懂英文史
The
Adventure of English is a British
television series (ITV) on the history of the English language presented by
Melvyn Bragg as well as a companion book, also written by Bragg. The series ran
in 2003.
The series and the book are cast
as an adventure story, or the biography of English as if it were a living
being, covering the history of the language from its modest beginnings around
500 AD as a minor Germanic dialect to its rise as a truly established global
language.
The Adventure of
English
莎莎推薦好書 Building Vocabulary for college
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes
it into another word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy.
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Example
|
Comments
|
a-
|
"not"
|
asymmetric, "not symmetric"
|
|
acro-
|
"high"
|
||
allo-
|
"other"
|
||
an-
|
"not/without"
|
anaerobic, "not requiring air to live"
|
|
ante-
|
"before"
|
antebellum, "before a war"
|
|
anti-
|
"against"
|
||
auto-
|
"self"
|
||
bi-
|
"two"
|
bicentennial, "consisting of or occurring every
two centuries"
|
|
co-
|
"together"
|
cooperation, "working together"
|
|
contra-
|
"against"
|
||
counter-
|
"against"
|
||
de-
|
"negative, remove"
|
deactivate, "stop from working"
|
|
di-
|
"two"
|
diatomic, "two atoms"
|
|
dis-
|
"negative, remove"
|
||
down-
|
"down"; "reduce"
|
||
dys-
|
"negative, badly, wrongly"
|
||
epi-
|
"on, above"
|
||
extra-
|
"outside"
|
||
hemi-
|
"half"
|
||
hexa-
|
"six"
|
||
hyper-
|
"a lot"; "too
much"
|
||
hypo-
|
"a little"; "not enough"
|
||
ig-
|
"not"
|
ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before
l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before
r-)
|
|
il-
|
"not"
|
ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before
l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before
r-)
|
|
im-
|
"not"
|
ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before
l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before
r-)
|
|
in-
|
"not"
|
inactive, "not active"
|
ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before
l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before
r-)
|
infra-
|
"below"
|
||
inter-
|
"between"
|
||
intra-
|
"within"
|
||
ir-
|
"not"
|
ig- (before gn- or n-), il- (before
l-), im- (before b-, m-, or p-), in- (before most letters), or ir- (before
r-)
|
|
macro-
|
"large-scale"
|
||
mal-
|
"bad", "wrong"
|
||
maxi-
|
"big", "as big as
possible"
|
||
meso-
|
"middle"
|
||
micro-
|
"small-scale"
|
||
mid-
|
"middle"
|
||
mini-
|
"small"
|
||
mis-
|
"bad", "wrong"
|
||
mono-
|
"one"
|
||
multi-
|
"many", "more than
one"
|
||
non-
|
"no", "not"
|
||
octo-
|
"eight"
|
||
over-
|
"excess", "too
much";
"on top" |
||
pan-
|
"all"
|
pancytopenia, "low counts across all cell
types"
pan-American, "involving all of the Americas" (more) |
Sometimes "all-" is used,
especially in Asian English, where All-Union was a standard
translation of the Russian word meaning "pan-USSR" or
"USSR-wide", and "All-India" is a similar standard term
in India, comparable to words such asnational, nationwide,
or federal (in the case of federations).
|
para-
|
"beside";
"beyond"; "related to"; "altered"
|
paranormal, "beyond the normal"
paresthesia, "altered sensation" paramilitary, "military-like" (more) |
|
penta-
|
"five"
|
||
per-
|
"through";
"throughout"
|
||
peri-
|
"around"
|
||
poly-
|
"many"
|
||
post-
|
"after"
|
||
pre-
|
"before";
"already"
|
||
pro-
|
"in favor of"
|
||
proto-
|
"first";
"primitive"; "precursor"
|
||
pseudo-
|
|||
quadri-
|
"four"
|
||
quasi-
|
"somewhat",
"resembling"
|
||
re-
|
"again"
|
||
self-
|
"[acting on or by] oneself"
|
By normative convention, always
hyphenated (except for a few multiprefix compounds such as unselfconscious)
|
|
semi-
|
"partial";
"somewhat"; "half"
|
||
sub-
|
"below"
|
||
super-
|
"above"; "more
than"; "great"
|
||
supra-
|
"above"
|
||
tetra-
|
"four"
|
||
trans-
|
"across";
"connecting"
|
||
tri-
|
"three"
|
||
ultra-
|
"beyond";
"extremely"
|
||
un-
|
"not"; "remove";
"opposite"
|
||
under-
|
"beneath"; "not
enough"
|
||
up-
|
"up"; "increase"
|
||
xeno-
|
"foreign"
|
xenophobia, "fear of strangers or
foreigners"
xenotransplantation, "transplant from another species" (more) |
Root
A root, or a root word, is a word that does
not have a prefix (in front of the word) or a suffix (at the end of a word).
The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of aword family (root is then called base word), which
carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into
smaller constituents.
For example, chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter, but the lexical root chat. Inflectional roots are
often called stems, and a root in
the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem.
Suffix
A suffix (also sometimes termed postfix or ending or, in older literature, affix) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case
endings, which indicate the grammatical
case of nouns or adjectives, and
verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs.
Inflectional suffixes do not
change the word class of the word after inflection. Inflectional suffixes
in modern English include:
·
-s third person singular
present
·
-ed past tense
·
-t past tense
·
-ing progressive/continuous
·
-en past participle
·
-s plural
·
-en plural (irregular)
·
-er comparative
·
-est superlative
·
-n't negative
disease(n.) \di-ˈzēz\
an
illness that affects a person, animal, or plant : a condition that prevents the
body or mind from working normally
He suffers from a rare genetic disease.
I
got up very early this morning.
adv. adj.
lovely,
friendly, elderly, deadly à adjective
aptitude(n.) \ˈap-tə-ˌtüd, -ˌtyüd\
a
natural ability to do something or to learn something
The
new test is supposed to measure the aptitudes of the students.
Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion) is a
cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular
subject (the analogue or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic
expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an
inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed
to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or
the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation
between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not
necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy.
To eat humble pie, in common
usage, is to apologize and face humiliation for a serious error. Humble pie, or umble pie, is also a term for a
variety of pastries based on medieval meat pies.
de-:
down, away from
depreciate(v.) \di-ˈprē-shē-ˌāt\
to
describe (something) as having little value
These
changes have greatly depreciated the value of the house.
appreciate(v.) \ə-ˈprē-shē-ˌāt,
-ˈpri- also -ˈprē-sē-\
to
understand the worth or importance of (something or someone) : to admire and
value (something or someone)
The
company strives to make its employees feel appreciated.
di-: twice :
twofold :
double
diversity(n.) \də-ˈvər-sə-tē, dī-\
the quality or state of having many different forms,
types, ideas, etc.
The school aims for diversity in its student population.
divorce(n.) \də-ˈvȯrs also dī-\
the ending of a marriage by a legal process
Their marriage ended in divorce.
divide(v.) \də-ˈvīd\
to separate (something) into two or more parts or pieces
The equator divides the Earth into two hemispheres.
different(adj.)
\ˈdi-fərnt, ˈdi-f(ə-)rənt\
not of the same kind : partly or totally
unlike
We need to try an entirely different approach.
uni-: one : single
unicorn(n.) \ˈyü-nə-ˌkȯrn\
an imaginary animal that looks like a horse and has a
straight horn growing from the middle of its forehead
university (n.) \ˌyü-nə-ˈvər-sə-tē, -ˈvər-stē\
a school that offers courses leading to a degree (such
as a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree) and where research is done
detriment(n.) \ˈde-trə-mənt\
the act of causing damage or injury to something or
someone
Smoking is a detriment to your health.
dexterous(adj.)
\ˈdek-st(ə-)rəs\
having or showing great skill or cleverness : showing
dexterity
They praised her dexterous handling of the crisis.
inflammation(n.)\ˌin-flə-ˈmā-shən\
a condition in which a part of your body
becomes red, swollen, and painful
The drug is used to reduce inflammation.
arthritis(n.) \är-ˈthrī-təs\
a disease that causes the joints of the
body to become swollen and painful
-meter: instrument for measuring
kilometer(n.)
\kə-ˈlä-mə-tər, ki-; ˈki-lə-ˌmē-tər\
a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters
thermometer(n.)
\thə(r)-ˈmä-mə-tər\
an instrument used for measuring temperature
hydrometer(n.)
\hī-ˈdrä-mə-tər\
an instrument for determining the specific gravity of a
liquid (as battery acid or an alcohol solution) and hence its strength
Cupid
and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses
(also called The Golden Ass), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius
Madaurensis (or Platonicus). It concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the
love between Psyche (/ˈsaɪkiː/, Greek: Ψυχή, "Soul" or "Breath
of Life") and Cupid (Latin Cupido, "Desire") or Amor
("Love", Greek Eros ’′Ερως), and their ultimate union in a sacred
marriage.
Psyche and Amor, also known as Psyche Receiving Cupid's First Kiss (1798), by François Gérard: a symbolic butterfly hovers over Psyche
in a moment of innocence poised before sexual awakening.
ex-: out
exit (n.)\ˈeg-zət, ˈek-sət\
something (such as a door) that is used
as a way to go out of a place
沒有留言:
張貼留言